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Invitation Emails Not Sending In Production

Jason Ackerman
I pushed my app to Heroku and invitations don't seem to be getting to the recipient. Any ideas of what might be causing this? I didn't see anything in the docs as far as configuration on this.

I'm seeing this error in the Heroku logs immediately after the html/css of the email itself:

E, [2020-06-11T01:01:25.298427 #4] ERROR -- : [ActiveJob] [ActionMailer::MailDeliveryJob] [9bf089d8-a357-403c-a120-eb34e4bcb7e3] Error performing ActionMailer::MailDeliveryJob (Job ID: 9bf089d8-a357-403c-a120-eb34e4bcb7e3) from Async(mailers) in 106.83ms: Errno::ECONNREFUSED (Connection refused - connect(2) for "localhost" port 25):

Here's my production.rb (basically unchanged from the default):

Rails.application.configure do
  # Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/application.rb.

  # Code is not reloaded between requests.
  config.cache_classes = true

  # Eager load code on boot. This eager loads most of Rails and
  # your application in memory, allowing both threaded web servers
  # and those relying on copy on write to perform better.
  # Rake tasks automatically ignore this option for performance.
  config.eager_load = true

  # Full error reports are disabled and caching is turned on.
  config.consider_all_requests_local = false
  config.action_controller.perform_caching = true

  # Ensures that a master key has been made available in either ENV["RAILS_MASTER_KEY"]
  # or in config/master.key. This key is used to decrypt credentials (and other encrypted files).
  # config.require_master_key = true

  # Disable serving static files from the `/public` folder by default since
  # Apache or NGINX already handles this.
  config.public_file_server.enabled = ENV["RAILS_SERVE_STATIC_FILES"].present?

  # Compress CSS using a preprocessor.
  # config.assets.css_compressor = :sass

  # Do not fallback to assets pipeline if a precompiled asset is missed.
  config.assets.compile = false

  # Enable serving of images, stylesheets, and JavaScripts from an asset server.
  # config.action_controller.asset_host = 'http://assets.example.com'

  # Specifies the header that your server uses for sending files.
  # config.action_dispatch.x_sendfile_header = 'X-Sendfile' # for Apache
  # config.action_dispatch.x_sendfile_header = 'X-Accel-Redirect' # for NGINX

  # Store uploaded files on the local file system (see config/storage.yml for options).
  config.active_storage.service = :local

  # Mount Action Cable outside main process or domain.
  # config.action_cable.mount_path = nil
  # config.action_cable.url = 'wss://example.com/cable'
  # config.action_cable.allowed_request_origins = [ 'http://example.com', /http:\/\/example.*/ ]

  # Force all access to the app over SSL, use Strict-Transport-Security, and use secure cookies.
  # config.force_ssl = true

  # Use the lowest log level to ensure availability of diagnostic information
  # when problems arise.
  config.log_level = :debug

  # Prepend all log lines with the following tags.
  config.log_tags = [:request_id]

  # Use a different cache store in production.
  config.cache_store = :redis_cache_store, {url: ENV.fetch("REDIS_URL", "redis://localhost:6379/1")}

  # Use a real queuing backend for Active Job (and separate queues per environment).
  # config.active_job.queue_adapter     = :resque
  # config.active_job.queue_name_prefix = "rails6_production"

  config.action_mailer.perform_caching = false

  # Ignore bad email addresses and do not raise email delivery errors.
  # Set this to true and configure the email server for immediate delivery to raise delivery errors.
  # config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false

  # Enable locale fallbacks for I18n (makes lookups for any locale fall back to
  # the I18n.default_locale when a translation cannot be found).
  config.i18n.fallbacks = true

  # Send deprecation notices to registered listeners.
  config.active_support.deprecation = :notify

  # Use default logging formatter so that PID and timestamp are not suppressed.
  config.log_formatter = ::Logger::Formatter.new

  # Use a different logger for distributed setups.
  # require 'syslog/logger'
  # config.logger = ActiveSupport::TaggedLogging.new(Syslog::Logger.new 'app-name')

  if ENV["RAILS_LOG_TO_STDOUT"].present?
    logger = ActiveSupport::Logger.new(STDOUT)
    logger.formatter = config.log_formatter
    config.logger = ActiveSupport::TaggedLogging.new(logger)
  end

  # Do not dump schema after migrations.
  config.active_record.dump_schema_after_migration = false

  # Inserts middleware to perform automatic connection switching.
  # The `database_selector` hash is used to pass options to the DatabaseSelector
  # middleware. The `delay` is used to determine how long to wait after a write
  # to send a subsequent read to the primary.
  #
  # The `database_resolver` class is used by the middleware to determine which
  # database is appropriate to use based on the time delay.
  #
  # The `database_resolver_context` class is used by the middleware to set
  # timestamps for the last write to the primary. The resolver uses the context
  # class timestamps to determine how long to wait before reading from the
  # replica.
  #
  # By default Rails will store a last write timestamp in the session. The
  # DatabaseSelector middleware is designed as such you can define your own
  # strategy for connection switching and pass that into the middleware through
  # these configuration options.
  # config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
  # config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver
  # config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session
end

Am I missing a step/config here? Thanks again!
Chris Oliver
Hey Jason!

Looks like your mailers are trying to use a local smtp server. You should use something like Sendgrid or Postmark to send the emails instead. I know Heroku doesn't come with any mail servers on their dynos. 
Jason Ackerman
Got the emails to send with Sendgrid, thanks!
Hi Chris, 

I did set up the sendgrid setting, but can't send email from my development environment with following message:

Devise::Mailer#reset_password_instructions: processed outbound mail in 4.7ms
Delivered mail 6152b30ebcf23_7341c7d85158@ip-172-31-37-159.mail (2.4ms)
Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2021 14:15:42 +0800
From: Admin <admin@letsapp.biz>
Reply-To: Admin <admin@letsapp.biz>
To: david.ng.hk@gmail.com
Message-ID: <6152b30ebcf23_7341c7d85158@ip-172-31-37-159.mail>
Subject: Reset password instructions
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/html;
 charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<!-- BEGIN app/views/devise/mailer/reset_password_instructions.html.erb --><p>Hello david.ng.hk@gmail.com!</p>

<p>Someone has requested a link to change your password. You can do this through the link below.</p>

<p><a href="https://fcw.letsapp.cloud/users/password/edit?reset_password_token=6eJz9TY_ui4U8UUc_3yf">Change my password</a></p>

<p>If you didn&#39;t request this, please ignore this email.</p>
<p>Your password won&#39;t change until you access the link above and create a new one.</p>
<!-- END app/views/devise/mailer/reset_password_instructions.html.erb -->
Completed 500 Internal Server Error in 132ms (ActiveRecord: 2.7ms | Allocations: 17885)


  
Errno::ECONNREFUSED (Connection refused - connect(2) for "localhost" port 25):
  
/home/ubuntu/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/lib/ruby/2.7.0/net/smtp.rb:539:in `initialize'
/home/ubuntu/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/lib/ruby/2.7.0/net/smtp.rb:539:in `open'
/home/ubuntu/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/lib/ruby/2.7.0/net/smtp.rb:539:in `tcp_socket'
.......



The following is the sendgrid settings in my development environment:

  config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = true # false
  config.action_mailer.perform_caching = false
  config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp
  ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings = {
    :user_name => 'apikey',
    :password => 'SGCXXXXXXXXX',
    :domain => 'fcw.letsapp.cloud',
    :address => 'smtp.sendgrid.net',
    :port => 587,
    :authentication => :plain,
    :enable_starttls_auto => true
  }
      # :letter_opener_web
      config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: 'fcw.letsapp.cloud', protocol: 'https' }


MIchael van Holst
I'm having a similar problem with Amazon SES. How was this resolved?
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